Problemas do realismo

Serge Daney, arguto como sempre,desvendando o subtexto político de Stalker: And what of these prematurely aged faces, these mini-Zones where grimaces have become wrinkles? And the self-effacing violence of those who wait to receive a beating (or maybe to give a beating if they haven't forgotten how?) And what of the false calm of the dangerous monomaniac and the empty reasonings of a man who is too solitary? These do not come only from Tarkovsky's imagination. They cannot be invented, they come from elsewhere. But from where? STALKER is a metaphysical fable, a course in courage, a lesson in faith, a reflexion on the end of time, a quest, whatever one wants. STALKER is also the film in which we come across, for the first time, bodies and faces which come from a place we know about only through hear-say. A place whose traces we thought the Soviet cinema had lost completely. This place is the Gulag. The Zone is also an archipelago. STALKER is also a realist film.

The hireling shepherd

Neste quadro do pré-rafaelita William Holman Hunt persiste um subtexto,Evangelho de Mateus 18,12-14: "Naquele tempo, disse Jesus aos seus discípulos: «Que vos parece? Se um homem tiver cem ovelhas e uma delas se tresmalhar, não deixará as noventa e nove nos montes para ir procurar a que anda tresmalhada? E se chegar a encontrá-la, em verdade vos digo que se alegra mais por causa dela do que pelas noventa e nove que não se tresmalharam." E, na denegação do que aqui se recomenda, é uma moral vitoriana que se insinua.Caroline Healey [English/History of Art 151, Pre-Raphaelites, Aesthetes, and Decadents, Brown University, 2004], desenvolve esta última dimensão, ligando-a a uma tradição pictórica: William Holman Hunt's The Hireling Shepherd epitomizes the painter's emulation of Hogarthian techniques and his quest for typological symbolism. The painting centers on a realistically rendered shepherd and shepherdess, reclining in a field beside a row of trees. Dressed in a typical field worker's attire, the shepherd leans seductively toward the young woman, his head practically resting on her shoulder. In her loose-fitting casual dress, the shepherdess reciprocates his feelings through her suggestive body language. She leans back toward him and reaches her right arm back to seemingly grasp his; however, her facial expression is less inviting, bearing a hint of excessive pride. To the right of the couple, a lamb sits, eating apples. More apples, flowers, and grass dominate the foreground of the image, while sheep graze in a shady area to the shepherd's left. although at first glance, The Hireling Shepherd appears to be a straightforward country scene, it is full of symbolic meaning. Hunt believed that to have any sort of value or vitality, art needed to possess religious significance and emotional resonance with the viewer. He rendered the The Hireling Shepherd in a highly realistic manner, however, Hunt often stressed that realism was not his primary goal in painting. Similar to Hogarth's work, Industry and Idleness, Hunt used The Hireling Shepherd to emphasize the importance of a good work ethic for all citizens and to show the potentially harmful effects of idleness. As a result of the shepherd's neglect, the land has turned marshy and the sheep are in poor health.